York As They Saw It an Example of the Topic History Essays by

York As They Saw It The city of York has gone through several incarnations since its founding by the Romans in 71 AD, from its time as a fortress city to being one of the cultural, economic and religious centers of the U.K., York has been an important part of the history of the region. With each succeeding occupation from the Romans, to the Vikings to finally the English York has been adapted to suit the needs of its inhabitants and it shows through the diverse relics of architecture, cultural backgrounds and social nuances that have ingrained themselves into the population and landscape of the area. It is through the study of historical text and architectural ruins that we are able to have a glimpse into diverse history of the region, just as King George once remarked 'The history of York is the history of England' we are able to see the history of the country in nutshell so to speak since the city itself has been occupied by the Romans, Saxons, Vikings and Normans, been the scene of numerous battles t hat have shaped the nation in what it is today and as such is rich in the sort of architectural and cultural history that is unique to the British nation. This paper seeks to show the different architectural, cultural and social changes that have happened to York through numerous historical accounts and how all of these changes that it has inherited have culminated in the present. Need essay sample on "York As They Saw It" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed During the time of King Edward the city of York took on a different appearance than what it had not the past, gone were the massive fortifications needed to fend off a potential Viking attack rather what happened was the creation of a city geared towards royalty and religion in the article written by Palliser it was stated that 'William of Malmesbury elaboration of the city was such that he described it as being second only to Canterbury.' It is from this statement that we can surmise that York was evolving into a center of trade and commerce within the U.K. However, York was too 'near to barbarian peoples (Danish)' and the 'English kings and their Norman successors paid more attention to the south than to the north' During the Medieval Era York underwent a transformation from its state as a dilapidated fortress city to a city of economic religious importance in the North ('York... in circuit it is great but not in population or in wealth; in respect these matters it falls much behind London.'- John Major). The city walls that were initially erected by the Romans and enhanced by the Vikings were rebuilt and strengthened. As such structures previously made out of wood were turned into stone and fortified gates were included to regulate the incoming and outgoing traffic in the city. The Minster within the city was rebuilt and made grander than it previously was as well as numerous other churches resulting in a rich architectural history for the area ('York is the second city of England, the most beautiful in the region and indeed of the whole North, as well as its principal fortress. It is pleasant, large, and strongly fortified, adorned with private as well as public buildings , crammed with riche s and its people'- William Camden). During the civil war era numerous buildings within York were destroyed due to the siege on the city ('-it has been sufficiently raised by the mosses, by it several ruins and devastations; and you cannot dig anywhere, almost, but you meet with burnt earth, ciders and stone pavements..'- Francis Drake). As such previous architectural accomplishments during the medieval era were lost. Fortunately though damage to the city's churches and York Minster was minimal ('-haith in it a most beautiful cathedral and a chapter house, both which are famous all over the world. It has a castle and a tower plated with ordnance which commands the city.'- Marmaduke Rawdon) . Georgian era York was said to be a period of great social and cultural growth for the city of York especially for that of the affluent members of society. York at this era though declining as a trading and administrative center for the region became a gathering place for the rich and well to do. As such numerous private houses and public building catering towards the affluent sprung up in York ('The dimensions of it are as follows, the entrance strikes the mind with the awe which is the result of the magnificence arising from the vastness; but I never met with any thing in the proportion of a gothic cathedral that was either too great or too pleasing'- Arthur Young) . Victorian era York could be described as the era of York's industrialization and inauguration into the modern age. With the advent of the railroad in York in 1839, the city became a hub for railway transportation due to its location between London and Edinburgh. The result was a rapid industrialization of the region and the decay of Georgian era housing. The factory and the work shop became more preeminent than the old fashioned Georgian homes of the elite that the city was famous for. It was due to this rapid industrialization that pollution became a problem for its inhabitants. Not all signs of old fashioned housing went away, it was due to the rapid industrialization that numerous fortunes were made by industrialists resulting in the creation of Victorian age dwellings and mansions which were synonymous with the rich and elite at the time (Pallister, 2009). York has gone through several incarnations in the past from its rise in the Medieval period, to its stagnation and decay in the Civil war period, to its appeal to the burgess in the Georgian era to finally its rapid industrialization in the Victorian era. Through each incarnation York has both gained and lost a part of itself whether it be an architectural structure to a part of its culture that disappeared due to either expedience or a lack of significance for it. As such it can be said that York was created as a result of gain and loss wherein through the years it wasn't able to keep everything that it came across but was able to retain enough to make it a truly culturally significant location that shows the history of an entire country with the area of a few square miles. References: David and Mary Palliser, York as they saw it-from Alcuin to Lord Esher, York: William Sessions, 1979

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buy custom Psychopaths essay Sociopaths or psychopaths is a term used to describe individuals who lack conscience or feeling for others and does not consider social rules to have any meaning. It is very probable that at one time or the other we come across sociopathic individuals without knowing it, since they cover a much broader spectrum than we would imagine. They are social predators and they manipulate, charm, and ruthlessly work their way through life (Patrick, 2006). Psychopaths never have any sense of guilt or regret, regardless of the fact that they leave behind shattered expectations and a broad trail of broken hearts on bewildered victims who are left wondering what kind of people psychopaths really are. Psychopaths are morally depraved individuals who commit planed, purposeful and emotionless violence. When these persons are 50 years of age, the violence is at a plateau then it tampers off. They reflect a detached, fearless, dissociated state, revealing a low-state automatic nervous system and lack of anxiety due to lack of emotions. Their most probable motivator is control and dominance as have no strong bonds with or much rhyme to their reason with others Many are times psychopaths are thought to be the disturbed criminals who are on headlines and are crowded in a nations prison. However, this is not always the case as they might be individuals who live in supreme self confidence bu lack conscience since not all psychopaths are killers. Due to this lack of conscience it is thus evident that psychopaths are likely to engage in criminal behavior (Cooke, 2001). Psychopaths are influenced to commit a crime by several factors. Lack of guilt, shame and a combination of a tendency for impulsive risk-taking can lead to a criminal career or a business one depending on the circumstances. Their conquest is based on manipulation and lying. A debate concerning this issue has been provoked on whether the phenomenon is just an aberration or whether it is favored by natural selection especially when it is found rare in a given population. Prisons are perfect places to keep psychopathic individuals in order to protect ourselves, otherwise without them; even crime is the preferred remedy of safeguarding ourselves. The factors that would reduce the likelihood of a psychopathic engaging in criminal behaviors is by firm refusal of having a nervous breakdown anytime they deny reality or claim that we are suffering from delusions and that we are not mentally stable (Hill et al, 2004). Victims should also learn to have a good memory as opposed to the psychopaths selective memories which only allow them remember things that only suit their purpose. This way we will challenge their wits and make thhem reluctant in committing their evil acts whenever persons that challenged them are concerned. The other most convenient tool of curbing criminal acts by psychopaths is by avoiding them especially if you suspect what they are. In a biological point of view, it affects both sexes although similar to color blindness biologically. Psychologically, a deficit picture is seen among men only, since it is toned down among women by an effect of a second normal allele. The condition is inherited through a semi-dominating gene via the X chromosome (Patrick, 2006). Psychopaths can be appropriately discussed under the psychological theory. This is mostly due to the lack of conscience and the fact that not all psychopaths have inherited the trait. Whether or not psychopathic character is as a result of brain disorganization or dysfunction, abnormal cerebral asymmetry, or general difficulties in information processing or simply psychological effects, it is a vice the needs to be curbed. Psychopath pulls down development and breaks decent families. It is a social setback that needs to be dealt with using all available suitable means. The improving of boardrooms or prisons is among the best measures that curb this evil vice and need to be upheld to have a better human environment. Buy custom Psychopaths essay

Microsoft and Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microsoft and Apple - Case Study Example Microsoft's intelligent and rather unfair business strategies have helped in making it the biggest name in the business by dominating every new comer on the market but Apple is the only company to have fought back. This is because of its large quantity of unusually fond customers who will not shift to any other operating software no matter how hard they try, and Microsoft has tried, and is still trying. Being such huge companies one would assume that they would have strict rules of what to wear and strict Sop's (standard operating procedures) but no. Both companies are innovation based. The directors of both companies know that if you want an employee to be very creative and innovative then you have to let them feel relaxed while working and they follow in this path themselves. The culture of both companies is one where every software developer would dream of working. Microsoft in particular takes out a lot of time and effort to hand pick new software developers out of good universities and trains them to extreme levels while spending a lot of money in making them satisfied with their jobs so they can in turn give something as good back to the company. Apple is no different. It is full of highly innovative professionals who know their work so well that they have moved the company from only being a computer and software related company to a full electronics and accompanied Software Company. Microsoft's basic ideology is to provide every customer the taste of Microsoft's innovation and excellence by making them use their software. The company's main goal is to have the whole world running their operating software in all types of electronic machines. At Microsoft, honesty, integrity and constructive self improvement is highly praised. Apple's base ideological principles are a little different, though mostly the same. they do not plan world domination, but instead believe on slow and steady progress in first making a piece of cutting edge and incredible stylish hardware, then designing a flawless operating software for it which is so pleasing for the user and is so graphic intensive that customers will never want to switch to any alternate. Branching out into the whole electronic goods market and inventing good solid consumer electronic goods across a range of markets is what Apple does best. Business Change The flagship Microsoft products are the Microsoft windows and the Microsoft office productivity suites. The current edition of Microsoft windows is Windows Vista and office suite is the Microsoft Office 2007. Released in early 2007, windows vista has come under a lot of criticism simply because of one reason, it is not perceived as being better compared to its predecessor, Windows XP, which was launched in 2001. Microsoft is adamant that Vista's new kernel and code written from scratch is the very thing which makes it unique and better but the bottom line for most users is that it takes up too much space on the hard disk, is not more productive than XP and even though it is much better in security, an issue which was extremely lacking in XP, the price for it is too high and as Vista is designed for the latest machines with at least a 2.8GHZ Intel compatible processor, a good high end graphics card and at least 2GB of RAM, the cost of hardware alone for most organizations is too much before they even think of buying the top spec version dubbed windows Vista

Root Cause of the Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Root Cause of the Problem - Essay Example However, serve category retailers raises a range of problems for Clearwater. Firstly, Clearwater is a well-reputed brand and supplying the category retailers its products without additional marketing leaves no difference between an ordinary brand and Clearwater. Its identity gets merged into the identity of category retailers unless additional money and effort is vested in advertising and marketing of its products. Secondly, in order to make money by supplying its products to the category retailers, not only does Clearwater need to customize the quality and features of its products to the needs of the category retailers, but it also needs to change and modify its supply system in a number of ways in order to accommodate the needs of efficiency and quantity along with quality of the category retailers. Thirdly, Clearwater is not used to such a supply system and it needs to make significant changes in its business practices in order to be successful with and get used to the changes. La ck of experience in this regard thus surfaces as another challenge. The growing popularity of the category retailers and the simultaneous decreasing profitability of Clearwater’s business is the problem. Category retailers are just as important, if not more, as the target audience or consumers for a manufacturer. They can both make and break a business. In order to solve the problem, Clearwater needs to make a cost vs benefit analysis of the two approaches. The first approach is to continue selling its products through traditional department stores. In this case, Clearwater should estimate how much loss has been incurred in terms of lost profitability in the recent years and estimate further losses into the future on its basis. The second approach is to estimate the cost of modifying business practices, customizing to address the needs of the category retailers, and the cost of continued marketing and weigh it against the estimated  profitability achieved by selling its products through the category retailers. Clearwater should go with whichever approach proves more economical and profitable.

Career Goal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Career Goal - Case Study Example A student learning business must have good analytical abilities, solid mathematical understanding, good communication skills, and the ability to identify problems and find solutions. Accounting is the discipline in business dedicated to identifying, tracking, recording and analyzing economy activity. The information is tracked in an accounting information system. In order for a person to succeed in this type of work the individual must be good following specific procedures and algorithms to perform their job duties. The specialty I desired to study at the graduate level is international finance. Wall Street has always opened up my curiosity. To me Wall Street is the place to be as a finance enthusiast, on the other side of the hemisphere the city of London is a place were high level financial activity is taking place right now. The stock market in both these cities is a main driver of economic activity. The investors in these areas of the world now know exactly how the information involving reporting of financial information will look like since in Europe public must utilize international financial reporting standards while in the United States public entities must follow the general accepted accounting principles. According to Salary.com the median starting salary for an Accountant

Impacts of Adderall Abuse

Impacts of Adderall Abuse The Abuse of Adderall (Blog Project) By Monisha, Kyle, and Sashwat Ethics of Adderall With the recent surge in illegal Adderall use by students, there has been many concerns with the ethics of illicit use. There is three ways you could look at it. One way is the way that is currently being used now, in which we say this is an illegal aid to memory, alertness, and therefore we ban it. The second way to look at it would be that we use all kinds of aids in helping us be more alert and remember better, such as coffee, which is very useful, but it is not banned. In the future, there is a likely chance that new drugs come on the market, which enable us to be much more intelligent than we are right now, so are we then going to say We have no interest in being smarter?. The third was of looking at it would concern the grading of students. One group of students will be using Adderall and another wont, so does that mean we will be wanting better performance from the group that does use it in order to get an A? Will be then be lenient with regards to the non users in terms of a chieving a high mark? The ethics of the use is not black-and-white, such as its legality and risks involved. Whenever there is a discussion of the advantages of students using Adderall, there will be without a doubt a comparison to steroids. The comparison usually forms this logic: Adderall helps to get ahead in class. Steroids allow you to get ahead in sports. Consequently, Adderall is just like a steroid, and steroids are cheating, which in turn makes Adderall bad. The problem with this argument is that sports and academics are two distinct fields. In sports, the outcome of the match only matters to the players and those directly associated with them. However, cognitive enhancement is different in that it is not a zero-sum game. If a student uses Adderall to further his education, that in no way affects any other student. Furthermore, when discussing research, using cognitive enhancements to develop a breakthrough in cancer research is beneficial to society, unlike when athletes use steroids in a selfish attempt to improve their own statistics. The use of Adderall in research could benefit all of mankind. However, there is still some issues of fairness that arises when discussing the use of Adderall in university. The reason for this is that students are usually not marked in vacuum, but on a curve, so if a student uses the drug to get ahead of her classmates, it will directly affect the whole class. An easy solution to this would be to legalize the use of Adderall and let all student takes it. However, that leads to another issue of fairness, in that drugs are expensive, and the legalization of Adderall will turn into a socioeconomic problem. Wealthy student would be able to purchase more of the drug than poorer students, as a result further widening the gap between the wealth and the non-wealthy students. How does Adderall work? The drug is a combination of two stereoisomers of amphetamine, which is a stimulant, and related to street drugs such as methamphetamine and ecstasy. The chemical structure of Adderall is close to that of family of neurotransmitters called catecholamine, which includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Adderalls similarity to these brain chemicals allows it to mimic the same actions. The catecholamine family functions in the area of the brain that is responsible for arousal and emotion. For example, dopamine has a crucial role in the pleasure and reward system, while norepinephrine is involved in the sympathetic nervous system, the same system that controls our flight or fight response. Finally epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, also partakes in the flight or fight response, and is involved in the rush we feel when exited or nervous. By being a catecholamine agonist, Adderall recreates these same sensations by binding to the receptors for epinephrine in the adrenal gland, and norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. In addition, Adderall also blocks transporters the remove catecholamine to end the response, and instead allows for some reverse transport of the endogenous catecholamines out of the neuron and into the receptor so they too can bind. Adderall essentially overloads the brain with chemicals the leave us alert, ecstatic, and ready to take the day. But, like any drugs, Adderall also has some negative side effects. By causing an intense arousal, the drug can lead to anxiety and insomnia, which has the chance to manifest into a schizophrenia like psychosis . The side effects are not only limited to the brain. Adderall can affect the body as well, causing an increase in blood pressure and an elevated heart rate. This is not good for people who already have pre-existing heart problems. Finally, like all drugs, such as caffeine, Adderall has the prospective of being addictive, which is why it is a Schedule II Controlled Substance, in the same group as opium, methamphetamine, cocaine, and oxycodone, which all have a high risk of dependence. WHAT IS ADHD? ADHD or Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a very common psychiatric brain disorder. It is usually diagnosed between the ages of 7 and 12. Once it has been diagnosed, there are medications (which will be discussed later) to help deal with it, but there are no found cures to get rid of it. About 50% of people loose it as they age into their adulthood, but there are no ideas as to why this happens. It affects about 6% of children and therefore 3% of adults. ADHD slows the maturation of certain parts of the brain, which help with, strategic thought, making quick decisions and of course focusing. The symptoms first begin to show up as a child or young adolescent. When being clinically diagnosed, it is very hard to do so due to the fact that many people do not like to focus on things that bore them. It is difficult to tell whether someone is not focusing because they can’t or because they don’t want to. With that being said, some other symptoms include: loosing things, not following instructions, and not being organized. Not all of these symptoms always apply, and often times very few of them do. The Stigma There is an existing stigma that people with ADHD are less intelligent than others who do not have it. Intelligence is defined as: â€Å"1) the ability to adapt to the environment and 2) the ability to learn from previous experience.† People who have ADHD often do score lower on tests, but it has nothing to do with intelligence. It is just the fact that a test requires constant mental effort, which is something people with ADHD have trouble with. On a long test, people with ADHD are easily distracted and therefore may lose time on a test that way, or speed through questions without wanting to put in as much time and effort as someone who doesn’t have it. If tests were shorter than there would be very little difference in test scores of people with and without ADHD. When testing for ADHD, kids are given tests, which involve a wide range of problems and it is found that problems that can be answered in one step (math or patterns) are done very well, compared to longer que stions (English based). The Solutions (Drug Free) As with many disorders, there are a multitude of ways to combat it, without the use of drugs. One simple solution is exercise. Exercising is a helpful way to help release stress physically, and to help combat ADHD. By releasing stress, kids are more likely to sit down and focus, whether it is studying or taking a test. Additionally playing sports encourages them to focus on something that they love or are passionate about, and by having this as an example, it teaches them that focusing is possible even if it is on something they don’t like as much. Additionally, there is another method to help people with ADHD focus. This is known as mindfulness based cognitive therapy. MBCT is a therapeutic way to help people with ADHD relax and focus. It focuses on being aware of their surroundings and being one with their body and mind. People who begin this meditation can begin with as little as 30 seconds per day, just sitting somewhere quiet and meditating. This can move upwards past 30 minutes, if it works. When silently meditating, it works best when the person envisions them self succeeding at something whether it is a test, presentation, or just another aspect of their life (staying organized). By imagining themself succeeding in a peaceful environment, it often actually translates to the real world. Adderall Controversies While Adderall can be a very helpful drug to people who suffer from ADHD, it can also be quite harmful as well, especially to people who take it without having ADHD. Because Adderall is helpful when it comes to focusing, some people, who need to focus in their daily lives, take it without the need to. This is problematic because Adderall was designed for ONLY people who have ADHD, not for everyone. Unnecessarily taking Adderall is especially popular with students who are in high school or post secondary learning institutions. Adderall greatly increases the amount of time one can focus at once, and the quality of the focus. Therefore, illegal Adderall distribution and consumption is a problem, especially in high-end universities and colleges. Students, who have trouble focusing, or simply do not want to, may take Adderall to help them focus, when stuffing for a test or exam. In 2006 researches from the University of Kentucky found out that 34% of the people they interviewed admitted t o illegal Adderall usage to help gain an edge in their classes. Additionally, an interview with one student, he said that Adderall not only increased the quality of his study time, but the quantity as well. He stated that he achieved the highest marks in his class and got perfect on his final exam, due to Adderall. The previous year when he hadn’t taken it, he did not achieve nearly as good results. Another study conduced by the University of Southern California stated that of the students they found taking illegal Adderall, 95% of them had simply faked the signs and symptoms in order to receive the prescription. With numbers like this it is clear that Adderall should be harder to get, and the diagnosis should be more thorough. Abuse and Problems If Adderall helps people with ADHD and helps people who don’t have it, isn’t it a good thing? It’s a win-win for everyone and higher test results for everyone. WRONG. Improper use of Adderall can lead to harsh side effects, which may all together counteract the improved studying. Just because it helps with studying doesn’t mean it helps with other aspects of your life as well. Improper Adderall use can lead to severe sleeping problems, including, not being able to fall asleep, not being able to stay asleep, and shortened REM cycles. This would definitely counteract better studying, and would take a toll on the body as well. Additionally, some other symptoms of Adderall abuse include: headaches, stomachaches, sweating, nausea, changes in sex drive, and as mentioned earlier, sleeping problems. Furthermore, with increased consumption of Adderall without a prescription can lead to: blurred vision, seizures, shaking limbs, and paralysis. With all these risks it is clear that Adderall is not a beneficial way to achieve higher test scores.

New Economic Imperialism Essays -- Essays Papers

New Economic Imperialism Those in power define national interests as the preservation of the existing set of economic, social, and political relationships. Therefore, the national interest of the supranational capitalist society is the interests of the upper class, allied throughout the globe. The United States capitalist class has proposed to preserve and extend U.S. capitalism by a policy of empire building to satisfy the need for large export markets that could supply cheap inputs and guarantee consumption. The road to the current economic imperial structure prevalent in international affairs is a long and complicated one. During the twentieth century the capitalist elite began forming organizations in which to formulate and implement their policies on the supranational level, most of which were founded by John D. Rockefeller based on principles developed by Cecil Rhodes. These included the Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission and countless others scattered throughout the developed world. During the 1940s they began to create institutions with real power, sanctioned by nation-states, which would have the ability to implement policies on the international level, something they needed. These included the United Nations, the political arm, NATO, the military arm, and the two monetary funds created during the conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944: the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. It was decided international monetary instit utions were needed to â€Å"stabilize currencies and to facilitate programs of capital investments for constructive undertakings in backward and underdeveloped regions.† (Sklar 148) Corporations would float bonds guaranteed by the ... ... Subsequently, a global imperialistic strategy has developed designed to keep developing countries in a position where the West wants them. Works Cited â€Å"IMF funding system unfair – Mugabe†. Mon, 04 Jun 2001. Mohan, Giles, et al. Structural Adjustment: Theory, Practice, and Impacts. New York: Routledge, 2000. Munoru, John. â€Å"Zimbabwe: IMF Applies More Pressure†. 1999. Onimode, Bade. The IMF, The World Bank and The African Debt: The Economic Impact. London ; Atlantic Highlands, N.J., USA : Zed Books, 1989. Shaoul, Jean. â€Å"IMF Tightens The Screws on Zimbabwe†. 18 August 1999. Sklar, Holly. Trilateralism and Elite Planning For World Management. Boston : South End Press, 1980.